When examining the role of spirituality in psychology, Maslow's theories could be considered as the early contemporary return to considering the spiritual mind within the human experience. Belief that people have a soul or spirit. Most Americans (83%) believe that people have a soul or spirit in addition to their physical body. Overwhelming majorities of Protestants (93%) and Catholics (91%) express this belief, as do smaller majorities of Jews (69%) and the religiously unaffiliated (67%). Older Americans are more likely to Spirituality therefore forms a multidimensional theoretical construct. In essence, it constitutes transcendence understood as going beyond or above "the real I." In this context, spirituality is defined as experiencing transcendence through inner peace, harmony, or connectedness to others (Boswell et al., 2006). Transcendence can take place Defining Spirituality Spirituality can be defined broadly as a sense of connection to something higher than ourselves. Many people search for meaning in their lives. The sense of transcendence experienced in spirituality is a universal experience. Some find it in monotheistic religion, while others find it in meditation. A systematic review by Monod and colleagues ( 2011) examined 35 questionnaires that measured spirituality in clinical research and proposed a typology of instruments to reflect the multivariate nature of this complex area. The earliest one identified emerged in 1983; the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS). components of spirituality/spiritual well-being, but it seems to be separated from roots in organized religion. The concept of spiritual well-being has served the same purpose as the disengagement theory in creating a focus for the discussion of religiosity, spirituality, and aging. Ellison (1983) argues that the discussions and con- 1 likes, 0 comments - life_theories_podcast on December 13, 2023: "A Clip From Our Latest Episode Of Life Theories Chapter 52- The Frequency War-You Can Listen To T exsJN.

what are the theories of spirituality